Informatics Publishing Limited

Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Sadbhavna College of Education for Women, Raikot, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

In the contemporary era, Technology plays vital role for the growth of education. The teachers and students are closely related to each other for the expansion of education system. The quality of education depends upon the knowledge and attitude of teachers towards the ICT. Information and communication technology (ICT) can provide more flexible and effective ways for professional development for teachers and connect teachers to the global teacher community. Teacher educators are the facilitators in any educational reform movement. In order to effectively implement the prescribed curriculum and to achieve its objectives of preparing better future teachers, teacher, educators should themselves be psychologically and academically competent. This paper is emphasis on the ICT framework in teacher training and teacher development in UNESCO.

Keywords

ICT, Teacher Education, ICT Framework.

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Harjinder ¹, Lalita Kumari ², Lakhwinder Kaur ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Child Health Nursing, S.G.L. Nursing College, Semi, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, S.G.L. Nursing College, Semi, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Medical, Surgical Nursing, S.G.L. Nursing College, Semi, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The first five years of life (and especially the first two years) have a great and lasting influence on the quality of life of a human being. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme which was launched on 2^nd October 1975 in 33 community development blocks. The ICDS scheme was started in India with the objectives to improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6 years. Non Experimental, Descriptive Research Design is used to select 200 Beneficiaries of Anganwadi Centers from District Jalandhar Punjab. Simple Purposive sampling technique is used to select the samples. Result and Conclusion: Mean score of Satisfaction level of Beneficiaries and Standard deviation of total 200 sample were 66.82 ± 8.326 respectively Median of 200 samples was 66. Maximum, 119 (59.5%) beneficiaries had Neutral level of satisfaction, followed by 75 (37.5%) beneficiaries are satisfied and minimum 6 (3%) beneficiaries were unsatisfied regarding services provided by Anganwadi workers in the Anganwadi centres. Area wise, immunization area of the got first rank in satisfaction level of beneficiaries regarding services provided by Anganwadi workers with mean percentage of 92.96% and least mean percentage and six rank got by health checkups services that is 53.54%.

Keywords

Satisfaction, Anganwadi Services, Beneficiaries, Selected Rural Areas.

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Nirvair Neeru ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 DCE, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

In digital image processing the face images play important role in many applications like identification or verification of a person, emotion detection and classification and in many of security related applications. This paper includes the survey of well known noise removal filters to remove gaussian noise in spatial domain. The experiments are performed on the face images taken from Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database. The performance of all filters has been evaluated at various noise densities in terms of SNR, EPI, SSIM and MS-SSIM.

Keywords

Denoising, Gaussian Noise, Filters.

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Amrita ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

The productivity of agriculture crop yield is reducing everyday because of reasons like various kinds of disease, mineral deficiency, etc. To meet the global energy demands of ever growing population the productivity as well as quality of agricultural crop must be improved by using advanced current computer technologies like robotics, computer vision. One technique which is emerging as a useful tool is image processing that has been reported to improve agricultural productivity in number of ways. For agriculture image processing, advanced image processing methods and computer vision techniques are grouped according to specific objective like image acquisition, pre-processing, image segmentation, feature extraction and classification. This paper intends to focus on the survey of application of image processing in agriculture field which covers the detection of diseases, weed, stress severity factors, greenness and crop rows.

Keywords

Agriculture, Computer Technologies, Robotics, Image Processing, Feature Extraction, Classification.

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Kuldeep Singh ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Patiala, IN

Abstract

In this paper number of techniques have been reviewed that are used for malware detection. Any harmful computer program which performs the undesirable action without the consent of user is called malware. It may be virus, worm, spyware, backdoor, Trojan horse etc. Malware plays the main threat in the computer security and increasing day by day. With the evolutions malware becoming more strong i.e. changing its signature and behavior dynamically so it is difficult to detect them. Numerous techniques have been developed to detect malware. All have some advantages and disadvantages. Signature based detection; Anomaly based detection, Heuristic based and artificial immune system based. Most antivirus used the signature based detection and it used for the signature of known malware which can't detect unknown malware. To overcome this shortcoming behavioral based detection is used, which find the behavior of the program and identified that is it benign or malware. Data mining and machine learning methods are used by heuristic malware detection. Artificial immune system is just like biological immune system that provides the protection to system by differentiating between self and non self particles.

Keywords

Malware Detection, Artificial Immune System, Benign, Signature, Heuristic.

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Abhi Sidana ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Ucoe, IN

Abstract

Various kinds of barcodes have been used in emerging fields of m-commerce. Two dimensional barcode gain rapid achievements over different types of barcode like Datamatrix, Beetag, PDF-4417 codes. With the advancement of technology one dimensional barcode is shifted to two dimensional barcode for their large storage capacity and error correction level. Mobile industry gaining more attention to present diverse commerce data and enhancing the user experience by storing more data and reduced input. This paper introduces 2-D barcode concepts, their types and QR-code structure. The process of mobile tagging to connect to real world web along with different applications in m-commerce. The aim is to analyze the QR-code so that it can be prevented from outside attacks. Paper also represents different security levels of QR-code.

Keywords

QR-Code Structure, Mobile Tagging, 2-D Barcode Types, QR-Code Security.

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Himani Kakkar ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

Diseases in fruit cause a catastrophic problem and leads to economic and agricultural industry loss. Earlier infected fruit had detected manually but now with the advancement in technology image processing techniques have been developed. This framework works in two phases: training and testing. In training phase, all the data related to the non-infected and infected fruit is stored and in testing phase, it is analyzed that whether the fruit is infected or not and if yes then by which disease. In this paper, the technique was developed by combining K-mean clustering algorithm, speedup robust feature (SURF) feature detector and Naive Bayes Classifier and implemented to detect the infected and non-infected fruit. The experiments are performed on fruit database and results are compared with neural network. The results show the superiority of the method with Naive Bayes Classifier.

Keywords

K-Mean, Naïve Bayes, SURF (Speedup Robust Feature), NN(Neural Network) , Blob Detector.

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Madan Lal ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

Speckle noise is an inherent yet undesirable residual part of the breast ultrasound images, which significantly demean the visual quality and limits the accuracy of automatic diagnostic techniques. Therefore, speckle elimination is a necessary task before further processing of ultrasonic images. Speckle reduction from breast ultrasound images results in blurring of lesion margins and other sharp details which may carry the significant diagnostic information. Among various denoising methods used in the literature for enhancement of breast ultrasound images, wavelet based techniques are gaining importance, because of their time-frequency and multi-scale analysis. Basic de-noising methods that use the wavelet transform, make use of of three steps - In the first step, it computes the wavelet transform of the noisy input image, the second step is used to apply thresholding in order to remove noise on the detailed coefficients and finally inverse wavelet transform is applied of the modified coefficients to get the denoised image. In this paper, the performance of various wavelet shrinkage techniques is reviewed. An Experimental analysis of wavelet based methods including Visu Shrink, Sure Shrink, Bayes Shrink, and a hybrid method (wavelet shrinkage with guided filter) is carried out. For performance comparison, signal to noise ratio, structural similarity index and edge preservation index, parameters are used. From the experimental results, it is concluded that hybrid filter outperform the traditional wavelet shrinkage methods.

Keywords

Speckle Noise, Breast Ultrasound (BUS) image, Wavelet shrinkage, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Edge Preservation Index (EPI).

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Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The World Bank study has aptly observed that women, particularly from under developed countries, are often denied property and inheritance rights. Their freedom is restricted by social norms. An inequality trap may prevent generations of women from getting educated; restrict their participation in labor market.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Dowry is considered to be an integral part of marriage ceremony. The present investigation was carried out in rural areas of Punjab to determine the causes and consequences of dowry in Rural Punjab. The data were collected personally from the two generations i.e. Mother-in-laws (G1) and daughter-in –laws (G2). The findings depicted that majority of motherin- laws were in the age group of 50-57 years and daughter-in-laws were in age group 26-33 years. Most of the respondents reported that dowry was important in settling of the marriage in both the generations. Majority of G1 respondents had no indication of dowry from the groom side whereas G2 respondents had complete indication of dowry before marriage. It was noted that mother-in-laws demanded the dowry in both the generations. The findings further revealed that dowry is practiced as a tradition and more land holding of groom/ bride are important factors contributing to the dowry payments. Also, a large number of G2 respondents highlighted that abroad settled groom aspire more dowries. All the respondents reported female feoticide as the main irony of dowry system. Other consequences felt by the respondents were the domestic violence, divorce, burden on the bride’s parents and ill-treatment by in-laws. Both the respondents perceived dowry as a medium to enhance status of bride in the in-laws families followed by feeling of confidence by bride after receiving dowry from parents. However, it is ironic that the cruel cultural practice has deeply enischolar_mained in marriage institution.

Keywords

Dowry, Cause, Effect Syndrome.

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Lakhwinder Kaur ¹, Vinita Pandey ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The present study entitled ‘Water management strategies at household level’ was conducted in Ludhiana district of Punjab. A sample of 150 women was interviewed to know the extent of use of water while performing various activities and to get their suggestions to save water for future use. The findings of the study highlighted that majority of the respondents belonged to age group of 29-39 years, belonged to general and nuclear family. Further sixty eight per cent of the respondents wasted water upto ‘great extent’ while washing of vegetables directly under running taps and 53.33 per cent wasted water while brushing, shaving, cleaning the hand etc. most of the respondents suggested to avoid wastage of water at home. To protect the earth’s most precious resource to meet the current and future human demand, paper highlighted various water management technologies to be adopted at household level to save water resources.

Keywords

Extent of Use, Management Strategies, Household.

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Rajinder Kaur Kalra ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ¹, Amandeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The study was undertaken to identify the services provided by the milk processing agencies and services availed by the dairy farmers. The data were collected from 150 dairy farmers of Jagron block, fifty each from Cooperative, Multinational and Private Milk processing agencies. The data were collected with the help of interview schedule method and analyzed by using statistical tools viz., frequencies and percentage. The findings revealed that dairy services such as AI facilities, veterinary medicines, veterinary doctors, milking machine, provision of fodder, seeds and dairy literature were provided by Cooperative and multinational milk processing agencies whereas private milk processing agencies provided a calendar containing 32 points of clean milk production. It is suggested that extension personnel of cooperative as well as multinational milk processing agencies should educate the farmers regarding the facilities provided by these agencies so that dairy farmers are able to select right agency to sell their milk. Milk production is a intensive enterprise as it needs huge initial investment. At present, dairy farmers are not getting the facility of advance payment from some of the milk processing agencies. Therefore, dairy loans should be introduced at subsidized rates for making initial investment and milk producers need to be advised on the production if more and cheaper milk by following better breeding, feeding and management practices.

Keywords

Dairy Farmers, Management Practices, Milk Processing Agencies, Services Provided, Services Availed.

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Lakhwinder Kaur ¹, Sanatombi Kh ¹, U. Supriya Devi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to know the contribution of different banks (Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Cooperative Banks) in formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Punjab. The data for different regions and states of India collected by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) were analyzed for the state of Punjab which agriculturally advanced state with the help of statistical tools like frequency and percentages. The findings revealed that Rajasthan (61.89%) and Andhra Pradesh (45.3%) have formed maximum numbers of Self-Help Groups among northern and southern region. Indian Overseas Banks in Punjab has formed maximum numbers of SHGs amongst public and private sector commercial banks. Regarding Regional Rural Banks, Punjab Gramin Bank contributed more than 70 per cent in formation of SHGs. The cooperative banks have formed 4096 SHGs, more than 10 per cent of the SHGs have been formed in Jalandhar and Fatehgarh district as compared to other districts.

Keywords

Self-Help Groups, Banks.

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Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Sadbhavna College of Education for Women, IN

Abstract

The present study examined the relationship of Social Adjustment and loafing behavior of adolescents of private and Government schools. Sample of 200 adolescent students was selected for the present study. For this purpose Social loafing scale by Alam and Srivastva (1971) and Deva’s Social Adjustment Inventory (SAI), Deva (1990) were used. Mean, SD and correlation were used for for the analysis of data. From the analysis it was concluded that there is insignificant relationship of social adjustment and social loafing behavior of Adolescents.

Keywords

Social Adjustment, Adolescents, Social Loafing Behaviour.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The study focused to determine the change and continuity in cultural practices related to marriages. The present study was carried out in three cultural zones of Punjab viz., Malwa, Majha and Doaba. The data were collected personally from the two types of respondents viz., Mother-in-laws (G1) and daughter-in –laws (G2) constituting a sample of 360 respondents each. Majority of the G1 and G2 respondents performed ‘Roka/Thaka’ ceremonies followed by ‘Chunni Chadana’ ceremony. Majority (69.44 %) of G2 respondents had Ring ceremony and (69.72 %) performed Shagun ceremony whereas only few of first generation (G1) respondents performed both these ceremonies. In G1 respondents, Ladies sangeet was performed only by the ladies from adjoining houses and villages whereas in case of G2 respondents the DJ’s replaced the traditional sangeet. The traditional sweets such as Ladoos were replaced by costly sweets, dry fuits and chocolates in second generation. All the respondents of G1 respondents prepared hand knitted items, phulkaris, pakhiyan as dowry items but very few of G2 respondents prepared them. The traditional ceremonies such as Din bandhana, Atte pani pauna, Bambiha bulana, Sithniyan are being lesser followed by G2 respondents. There was a shift regarding believe in astrology as only 28.61 per cent of G2 respondents believed in astrology. So, it was seen that there is a continuity of traditional ceremonies but a major shift in performing ladies sangeet, kind of dowry items, and sweets served was seen nowadays. People maintain ceremonies as traditional while simultaneously appropriating them for changes in broader society. Keeping traditional ceremonies as a way of preserving cultural identity in a society that is becoming more influenced by global trends.

Keywords

Ceremonies, Change, Continuity, Marriage.

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Lakhwinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Indian census 2011 represents female population million which is 48 per cent of the total population. Out of this million, i.e. 69 per cent of the female population was from the rural areas (Zuber, 2003). Indian constitution provides equal rights to both men and women. But women still are not treated as equivalent as men (Sharma, 2014). Generally it has been found that rural women are in front of the various problems like proper medical facilities, lack of education, malnutrition, environment, health care etc. as compared to the urban women population.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Atinder Pal Kaur ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN
2 Extension Scientist, Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Corona Virus disease infected a large number of people globally and cause huge number of deaths worldwide. The knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 plays an important role in determining society's readiness to accept the changes and provide a useful insight to address poor knowledge about disease. The present study aim to assess the knowledge, attitude as well as practice regarding covid-19 among 300 participants to evaluate the satisfaction towards government efforts to fight covid-19. The study suggested that the respondents had knowledge that there is no drug available for Covid 19 and knew covering nose and mouth with mask and using alcohol based hand sanitizer could prevent the disease. The respondents had a positive attitude towards winning war against corona virus and they also stated by adopting safety measures we can together fight against corona and defeat it. As regard to practises followed by respondents, they were avoiding large gatherings and were wearing masks while going out of their houses. Use of preventive measures creates less panic among respondents and ready to adapt changes during lockdown has showed positive attitude towards government instructions. The study suggested that people must routinize their behaviour and practise the interventions stated by the government to control Covid 19.

Keywords

Knowledge, Attitude, Covid 19, Practises.

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